Cod liver oil, derived from the liver of Atlantic cod, has a long history of use as a nutrient-dense functional food rich in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), vitamin A, and vitamin D. Research suggests that its unique combination of these nutrients may support bone health by aiding calcium absorption, while also contributing to normal immune function and joint comfort. Studies indicate that the omega-3 content in cod liver oil may help maintain eye health, particularly in relation to overall retinal function. Available as a liquid, in capsules, or in traditional fermented preparations, cod liver oil remains one of the most well-studied whole-food sources of fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids, offering broad nutritional support that has been explored across diverse populations and age groups.
Compare this supplementResearch suggests that cod liver oil may support bone health primarily through its role as a dietary source of vitami...
View studies →Research suggests that cod liver oil and its key nutrients — particularly vitamin A and omega-3 fatty acids like DHA ...
View studies →Research suggests a limited and indirect connection between cod liver oil and immune function in the studies provided...
View studies →Research suggests that cod liver oil, as a source of vitamin D, may play a supporting role in immune function, with o...
View studies →The two studies linked here do not actually investigate cod liver oil or joint health — one is an observational study...
View studies →These are commonly referenced dosage ranges for this supplement. They are not medical recommendations. Always consult a healthcare provider before supplementing.
| Form | Dose range | Frequency | Studied for | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capsule | 1,000 mg | Daily | immune function support | Based on trials examining vitamin A and D content in cod liver oil for immune modulation |
| Capsule | 1,000–2,000 mg | Daily | joint health, inflammation reduction | Common in RCTs examining omega-3 effects on joint symptoms and inflammatory markers |
| Liquid | 10 ml | Daily | bone health, vitamin D and calcium absorption support | Used in clinical studies on bone mineral density and rickets prevention |
| Liquid | 5 ml | Daily | eye health, vitamin A intake for retinal support | Traditional and research-supported dose providing approximately 4500–5000 IU vitamin A daily |
| Liquid | 5–10 ml | Daily | general nutritional support, vitamin A and D intake | Common in clinical trials and traditional use for daily omega-3 and fat-soluble vitamin supplementation |