Chrysanthemum for Anti-Inflammatory

Research suggests that chrysanthemum species, particularly Chrysanthemum indicum and Chrysanthemum morifolium, demonstrate meaningful anti-inflammatory activity across a range of laboratory models, with studies consistently identifying flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and linarin as key active compounds that appear to suppress well-established inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and TLR4. Studies indicate these effects extend across multiple contexts, including skin photoprotection, intestinal inflammation, kidney injury, muscle wasting, and general immune cell activation, with several studies also pointing to synergistic potential when chrysanthemum extracts are combined with other herbal ingredients. The body of evidence reviewed here consists entirely of preclinical research — cell culture experiments, zebrafish models, and rodent studies — along with one narrative review and one computational pharmacology analysis, meaning that while the directional findings are largely consistent and supportive, none of this work directly demonstrates these effects in humans. The absence of clinical trials is a significant limitation, and readers should understand that promising results in laboratory and animal models do not reliably predict what will occur in the human body.